An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. The resulting bulge can cause pain or discomfort, especially when coughing.
If not treated, the hernia may be trapped in the abdominal wall. Blood flow may then be cut off from incarcerated hernia, which can become life-threatening.
Hernias do not resolve by themselves, and surgery is often required for enlarging or painful hernias. However, some doctors may recommend observation if the hernia is small.
If surgery is employed, surgeons will typically repair the hernia using synthetic mesh, such that the tissue will not go through the hole and cause another hernia.
There are two known methods, open hernia surgery and laparoscopy. During open hernia surgery, the surgeon makes incisions in the groin and pushes the hernia back into the abdomen before closing the opening. In contrast, laparoscopy requires incisions in the abdomen. People who have laparoscopic repair might have less discomfort and scarring, but are more likely to experience a hernia recurrence.
Sources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inguinal-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351547
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inguinal-hernia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351553
https://www.healthline.com/health/inguinal-hernia
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