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Lymphedema

Lymphedema refers to swelling which generally occurs in the limbs. It is most commonly caused by the removal of or damage to the lymph nodes, causing a blockage in the lymphatic system. The blockage prevents lymph fluid from draining well, leading to swelling. 



In addition to the swelling, patients with lymphedema may experience aching, recurring infections and hardening or thickening of the skin (fibrosis). Fibrosis occurs in the later stages of lymphedema, and further restricts the limb’s range of motion. If left untreated for long periods of time, lymphangiosarcoma - a rare cancer - may develop. 


Lymphedema can be categorised into primary and secondary lymphedema. Primary lymphedema is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations. In contrast, secondary lymphedema is caused by procedures which damage the lymph nodes, such as surgery and radiation treatment for cancer. 


While there is no cure for lymphedema, therapy is often used to reduce swelling and pain. Complex decongestive therapy consists of 4 components: remedial exercises, skincare, manual lymphatic drainage and multilayer lymphedema bandaging.


Sources:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180919#causes

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